Established aquatic alien species in inland waters and on the North and Baltic Sea coasts of Germany.

Origin: known or probable area of origin;

Vector: known or probable vector of introduction; un  unintentional, in  intentional

Date: year of the first record, or probable time of introduction, in German waters;

Distribution: +  occurring at one or a few localities, ++  in part of the area, +++  throughout the area;

Status: X  an invasive alien species which threatens ecosystems, habitats or species (sensu CBD) (Black List),

            (X)  potential invasive (Grey List)

Taxon

Origin

Vector

Date

Distribution

Key

inland waters

North Sea coast

Baltic Sea coast

 Ref.

PHYTOPLANKTON

Dinophyceae

Gymnodinium mikimotoi Miyake & Kominami

Pacific

un

ballast water

1966

+++

4,8

Raphidophyceae

Chattonella antiqua Ono

? Pacific

ballast water

1991

++

(X)

4

Chattonella marina Hara & Chihara

? Pacific

ballast water

1991

++

(X)

4

Fibrocapsa japonica Toriumi & Takano

? Pacific

ballast water

1991

+++

X

4,8

Bacillariophyceae

Coscinodiscus wailesii Gran & Angst

Indo-Pacific

un

oyster

1977

+++

++

X

4,8

Odontella (Biddulphia) sinensis Grunow

Indo-Pacific

ballast water

1903

+++

++

4,8

Thalassiosira punctigera Hasle

Indo-Pacific

un

oyster

1978

+++

++

4,8

SUM

0

8

3

MACROPHYTES

Pteridophyta

Azollaceae

Azolla filiculoides Lamk.

S America

in

pond

1980s

+

11

Spermatophyta

Alismataceae

Sagittaria latifolia Willd.

N America

in

pond

1952

+

11

Apiaceae

Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L.fil.

N America

in

pond

2004

+

 X

11

Crassulaceae

Crassula helmsii Cockayne

Australia

in

pond

1980s

+

 X

2, 11

Hydro-charitaceae

Egeria densa Planchon.

S America

in

aquarium

1980s

+

(X)

11

Elodea canadensis Michaux

N America

in

pond

1859

+++

X

2, 11

Elodea nuttallii St. John

N America

in

pond

1953

+++

X

2, 11

Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss

in

aquarium

1970

+

11

Vallisneria spiralis L.

N America

in

aquarium

1966

+

11

Lemnaceae

Lemna minuscola Herter

N America

in

pond

1983

++

2

Lemna turionifera Lanolt

N America

in

pond

1965

++

2

Haloragaceae

Myriophyllum aquaticum Verdcourt

S America

in

aquarium

1980s

+

11

Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michaux

N America

in

aquarium

1962

+

2

Poaceae

Spartina anglica Hubbard [hybrid]

W Atlantic

in

1927

+++

X

4,9

Macroalgae

Phaeophyceae

Colpomenia peregrina Hamel

Pacific

un

oyster

1905

+

4

Fucus evanescens C. Agardh

N Pacific

hull

1924

+

7

Sargassum muticum Fensholt

N Pacific

un

oyster

1988

++

X

4,9

Rhodophyceae

Bonnemaisonia hamifera Hariot

N Pacific

un

oyster

1959

+

4,8

Compsopogon hookeri (Montagne)

in

pond

1966

Dasya baillouviana Montagne

W Atlantic

un

oyster

1960s

+

 +

4,8, 22

Gracilaria vermiculophylla

Pacific

un

oyster

2002

++

 +

 X

12, 22

Polysiphonia harveyi Bailey

N Pacific

un

oyster

1960s

+

4,8

Chlorophyceae

Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides Silva

N Pacific

un

oyster

1930

+

4,8

SUM

14

8

3

ZOOPLANKTON

Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz

ballast water

Crustacea

Acartia tonsa Dana

Pacific / W Atlantic

ballast water

1931

+++

+++

4,7

Ameira divagans Nicholls

W Atlantic

ballast water

1970s

++

7

Cercopagis pengoi (Ostroumov)

Ponto-Caspian

ballast water

2004

+

7, 18

 SUM

0

2

4

MACROZOOBENTHOS

Porifera

Eunapius carteri (Bowerbank)

Africa / Asia

un

aquarium

1993

+

10

Hydrozoa

Bimeria franciscana (Torrey)

? Indo-Pacific

hull

1952

+

4

Cordylophora caspia (Pallas)

Ponto-Caspian

hull

1858

+++

++

++

 (X)

3,4,

10

Craspedacustra sowerbyi Lankester

E Asia

un

aquarium

1923

++

10

Nemopsis bachei Agassiz

W Atlantic

hull

1942

+

4

Anthozoa

Diadumene cincta (Stephenson)

Pacific

un

oyster

1928

+

4

Bivalvia

Congeria leucophaeta (Conrad)

E Atlantic

hull

1928

+

+

+

4,7, 10

Corbicula fluminalis (O.F. Müller)

E Asia

ballast water

1984

++

++

X

4, 10

Corbicula fluminea (O.F. Müller)

Asia

ballast water

1987

++

X

10

Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)

Pacific

in

1991

+++

X

4,9

Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas)

Ponto-Caspian

hull

1824

+++

+

++

X

3,4, 10

Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov)

Ponto-Caspian

hull

2007

+

(X)

34

Ensis americanus (Binney)

W Atlantic

ballast water

1979

+++

++

X

3,4, 9

N America

in

aquarium

Petricola pholadiformis Lamarck

W Atlantic

un

oyster

1896

+++

+

3,4

in

pond

Teredo navalis Linnaeus

Indo-Pacific

hull

<1800

+

++

(X)

7,8

Unio mancus Lamarck

S Europe

hull

before 1922

+

10

Gastropoda

Crepidula fornicata (Linnaeus)

W Atlantic

un

oyster

1934

+++

(X) 

4,9

in

aquarium

Gyraulus parvus (Say)

N America

in

aquarium

1981

+

1

Lithoglyphus naticoides (C. Pfeiffer)

E Europe

hull

1883

++

10

Menetus dilatatus (Gould)

N America

in

aquarium

1980

+

1

Physella acuta (Draparnaud)

SW Europe

in

aquarium

1895

+++

10

Physella heterostropha (Say)

N America

in

aquarium

before 1927

+

10

Planorbella duryi (Weatherby)

N America

in

aquarium

1980s

+

1

Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray)

S Pacific

ballast water

1900

+++

++

++

 (X)

3,4, 10

Platyhelminthes

Dendrocoelum romanodanubiale (Codreanu)

Ponto-Caspian

hull

1992

+

10

Dugesia tigrina (Girard)

N America

un

aquarium

1931

+++

10

Kamptozoa

Urnatella gracilis Leidy

N America

ballast water

1960

+

1

Oligochaeta

Branchiura sowerbyi (Beddard)

S Asia

un