  |
|
|
|
| |
Species Directory |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
SPECIES DIRECTORY
Biotic homogenisation in Germany has probably been occurring over millennia, yet the long history of human invasion and trade blurs the distinction between native and alien species. Thus the origin of many species introduced in historical times is uncertain and especially so for aquatic habitats, where often the status and origin of species is unknown. Therefore, we only qualified as aliens such species which have been directly or indirectly introduced by man into German waters after the year 1492 (= Discovery of America by Columbus). The few species identified recently as introduced before 1492, also denoted as archaeobiota - archaeophytes / archaeomycetes / archaeozoans (e.g., soft clam Mya areanaria, common carp Cyprinus caprio) were thus excluded from the list of aliens.
The number of aquatic alien taxa assumed to have been estabilshed in German waters since 1492 recently amounts to about 141 species. The majority of aliens are benthic macroinvertebrates (77), primarily crustaceans, molluscs, polychaetes and hydroids. Introduced macrophytes comprise of 24 taxa, mostly macroalgae and waterweeds. Among vertebrates, fishes are the dominant group, at least fifteen species have settled permanently. Many of the alien species are at least locally abundant and about every second alien species has spread successfully across a larger area yet. It is noticeable that certain taxonomical groups, such as Cladocera, Nemertini, Oligochaeta and Tardigrada, lack representatives among the introduced species reported for German waters. This is probably related to very strong problems in identification down to species level of specimens of these groups. The only exception is the alien freshwater oligochaet Branchiura sowerbyi, which can easily be differentiated from other oligochaets and especially tubificids through the presence of gills. In macroinvertebrate surveys, such representatives were generally identified only to class or subfamily level, which is in accordance with accepted national and international conventions. That’s why one can assume an ‘intentional’ overlook of an indefinite number of aquatic alien species worldwide until today. The directory presented hereafter lists all aquatic alien species that are introduced after 1492 and known to live permanent in German waters. The directory will be continuously updated. Comments, corrections, or additions are very appreciated. NOTE: For more information in detail several species are linked to species-specific pdf-files.
|
Updated: 14-01-2012
A marine archaeozoan: The soft clam Mya arenaria - probably introduced by the Vikings to Europe from America as early as 1245. |
|
Key References (1) Geiter, O., Homma, S. & Kinzelbach, R. (2002): Bestandsaufnahme und Bewertung von Neozoen in Deutschland. - Umweltbundesamt: Berlin, UBA Texte 25/02, 290 S. (2) Kowarik, I. (2003): Biologische Invasionen - Neophyten und Neozoen in Mitteleuropa. - Ulmer: Stuttgart, 380 S. (3) Nehring, S. (2000): Neozoen im Makrozoobenthos der deutschen Ostseeküste. - Lauterbornia 39: 117-126. (4) Nehring, S. (2001): After the TBT era: Alternative anti-fouling paints and their ecological risks. - Senckenbergiana marit. 31: 341-351. (5) Nehring, S. & Leuchs, H. (1999): Neozoa (Makrozoobenthos) an der deutschen Nordseeküste - Eine Übersicht. - Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde: Koblenz, Bericht BfG-1200, 131 S. (6) Nehring, S. & Leuchs, H. (2000): Neozoen im Makrozoobenthos der Brackgewässer an der deutschen Nordseeküste. - Lauterbornia 39: 73-116. (7) Olenin, S., Leppäkoski, E. & Daunys, D. (Eds.) (2004): Alien Species Directory. - Baltic Sea Alien Species Database, http://www.ku.lt/nemo/mainnemo.htm (8) Reise, K., Gollasch, S. & Wolff, W.J. (2002): Introduced marine species of the North Sea coasts. - In: Leppäkoski, E., Gollasch, S. & Olenin, S. (Eds.): Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe - Distribution, Impacts and Management, S. 260-266. Kluwer: Dordrecht. (9) Reise, K., Dankers, N. & Essink, K. (2005): Introduced species. - In: Essink, K., Dettmann, C., Farke, H., Laursen, K., Lüerßen, G., Marencic, H. & Wiersinga, W. (Eds.), Wadden Sea Quality Status Report 2004. Wadden Sea Ecosystem No. 19: 155-161. (10) Tittizer, T., Schöll, F., Banning, M., Haybach, A. & Schleuter, M. (2000): Aquatische Neozoen im Makrozoobenthos der Binnenwasserstraßen Deutschlands. - Lauterbornia 39: 1-72. (11) Hussner, A. (2005): Aquatische Neophyten in NRW. - http://www.aquatischeneophyten.de (12) Nehls, unpublished. (13) Schrey, I. & Buschbaum, C. (2006): Asiatische Gespensterkrebse (Caprella mutica) erobern das deutsche Wattenmeer. Natur- und Umweltschutz (Zeitschrift Mellumrat) 5: 26-30. (14) Eggers, T.O. & Martens, A. (2004): Bestimmungsschlüssel der Süßwasser-Amphipoda (Crustacea) Deutschlands. - Lauterbornia 42: 1-68 (15) Nehring, S. (2005): Neozoa (Makrozoobenthos) in den deutschen Gewässern - Eine Einführung. - AeT umweltplanung Koblenz, http://www.neozoa.de (16) Schadt, J. (2000): Neue Fischart im Main entdeckt: Marmorierte Grundel (Proterorhinos marmoratus). - Fischer & Teichwirt 6/2000: 217-218. (17) Freyhof, J. & Korte, E. (2005): The first record of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus in Germany. - Journal of Fish Biology 66: 568–571. (18) ICES (2005): Report of the Working Group on Introductions and Transfers of Marine Organisms. WGITMO Report 2005, ICES CM 2005/ACME:05 Ref. E.: 1-173. (19) Winkler, H.M. (2006): Die Fischfauna der südlichen Ostsee. - Meeresangler-Magazin 16: 17-18.. (20) Hoffmann, M. pers. comm. in Geiter, O. (1998): Aktuelle Meldungen. - Neozoen Newsletter 2: 10. (21) Sikorski, A.V. & Bick, A. (2004): Revision of Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896 (Spionidae, Polychaeta). - Sarsia 89: 253-275. (22) Schories, D. & Selig, U. (2006): Die Bedeutung eingeschleppter Arten (alien species) für die Europäische Wasserrahmenrichtlinie am Beispiel der Ostsee. - Rostock. Meeresbiolog. Beitr. 15: 147-158. (23) Huber, M.G.J. & Schubart, C.D. (2005): Distribution and reproduktive biology of Austropotamobius torrentium in Bavaria and documentation of a contact zone with the alien crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus. - Bull. Fr. Péche Piscic. 376/377: 759-776. (24) Gonzáles-Ortegón, E., Cuesta, J.A. & Schubart, C.D. (2006): First report of the oriental shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus Rathbun, 1902 (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) from German waters. - Helgol. Mar. Res., online first (25) Taraschewski, H., Moravec, F., Lamah, T. & Anders, K. (1987): Distribution and morphology of two helminths recently introduced into European eel populations: Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda, Drancunculoidea) and Paratenuisentis ambiguus (Acanthocephala, Tenuisentidae). - Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 3: 167-176. (26) Sures, B. & Streit, B. (2001): Eel parasite diversity and intermediate host abundance in the River Rhine, Germany. - Parasitology 123: 185-191. (27) Martens, A., Grabow, K., Rapp, S. & Schoolmann, G. (2006): Der Krebsegel Xironogiton victoriensis wurde mit dem Signalkrebs Pacifastacus leniusculus auch nach Deutschland eingeschleppt (Annelida: Branchiobdellida; Crustacea: Astacidae). - Lauterbornia 58: 147-155. (28) Schoolmann, G., Martens, A. & Grabow, K. (2006): Einschleppung und Verbreitung der Chinesischen Teichmuschel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea) durch den Zoo- und Gartenfachhandel (Bivalvia: Unionidae). - Lauterbornia 58: 139-141. (29) Javidpour, J., Sommer, U. & Shiganova, T. (2006): First record of Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz 1865 in the Baltic Sea. - Aquatic Invasions 1: 299-302. (30) Hofer, B. (1905): Über die Einführung der Peipusseemaräne in Deutschland. - Allgemeine Fischerei-Zeitung 30: 203-204. (31) Leuner, E., Klein, M., Bohl, E., Jungbluth, J.H., Gerber, J. & Groh, K. (2000): Ergebnisse der Artenkartierungen in den Fließgewässern Bayerns - Fische, Krebse, Muscheln. - Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Forsten, RB-Nr. 08/00/78: 212 pp. (32) Gelmar, C., Pätzold, F., Grabow, K. & Martens, A. (2006): Der Kalikokrebs Orconectes immunis am nördlichen Oberrhein: ein neuer amerikanischer Flusskrebs breitet sich schnell in Mitteleuropa aus (Crustacea: Cambaridae). - Lauterbornia 56: 15-25. (33) Hoppenrath, M., Elbrächter, M., Halliger, H., Koeman, R.P.T., Krakhmalnyy, A., Surek, B., Erler, K. & Luckas, B. (2007): First records of the benthic, bloom-forming, non-toxic dinoflagellate Thecadinium yashimaense (Dinophyceae) in Europe: with special emphasis on the invasion in the North Sea. - Helgoland Marine Research 61: 157-165. (34) van der Velde, G. & Platvoet, G. (2007): Quagga mussels Dreissena rostriformis bugensis (Andrusov, 1897) in the Main River (Germany). - Aquatic Invasions 2: 261-264. (35) Borcherding, pers. comm. (36) Stemmer, B. (2008): Flussgrundel im Rhein-Gewässersystem. - Natur in NRW 4/08: 57-60. (37) Von Landwüst, C. (2006): Expansion of Proterorhinus marmoratus (Teleostei, Gobiidae) into the River Moselle (Germany). - Folia Zool. 55: 107-111. (38) Brandorff, G.-O. (2011): The copepod invader Skistodiaptomus pallidus (Herrick, 1879) (Crustacea, Copepoda, Diaptomidae) from North America in water bodies of Bremen, northern Germany. - Aquatic Invasions 6 (Suppl. 1). (39) Buschbaum, pers. comm. (40) Nehring, S. & Kolthoff, D. (2011): The invasive water primrose Ludwigia grandiflora (Michaux) Greuter & Burdet (Spermatophyta: Onagraceae) in Germany: First record and ecological risk assessment. - Aquatic Invasions 6: 83-89. (41) Reichert, K. & Beermann, J. (2011): First record of the Atlantic gammaridean amphipod Melita nitida Smith, 1873 (Crustacea) from German waters (Kiel Canal). - Aquatic Invasions 6: 103-108. (42) Kühnel, K.-D., Geiger, A., Laufer, H., Podloucky, R. & Schlüpmann, M. (2009): Rote Liste und Gesamtartenliste der Lurche (Amphibia) Deutschlands. - Naturschutz und Biologische Vielfalt 70: 259-288. (43) Falkner, G. (1989): Viviparus ater am deutschen Bodensee-Ufer. - Heldia 1 (5/6): 188-189. (44) Arbeitsgruppe Mollusken BW (2008): Rote Liste und Artenverzeichnis der Schnecken und Muscheln Baden-Württembergs; zweite, neu bearbeitete Fassung. - Naturschutz-Praxis Artenschutz 12: 1-185. (45) Bernauer; D. & Jansen, W. (2006): Recent invasions of alien macroinvertebrates and loss of native species in the upper Rhine River, Germany. - | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
